This paper proposes a comparative analysis and novel topology for a fuel cell electric vehicle bus (FCEV-Bus) that combines the advantages of fuel cells, ultra-capacitors, and batteries. The integration of these three energy storage devices aims to enhance the overall performance, efficiency, and reliability of the FCEV while addressing the challenges associated with traditional fuel cell systems.
The proposed topology utilizes a FC stack as the primary power source, which provides a steady and efficient supply of electricity. To overcome the limitations of fuel cells in responding to sudden power demands, ultra-capacitors are incorporated into the system. Ultra-capacitors can rapidly discharge and absorb high power, making them suitable for capturing regenerative braking energy and delivering power during acceleration or other high-power events.
Moreover, to address the issue of slow-response and transient power variations, a battery-system is integrated into the topology. In which, substituting a high-power battery with high-energy battery can result in cost reduction as well. The battery acts as a buffer, smoothing out power fluctuations and providing continuous power during periods of high demand or when the fuel cell system is unable to respond quickly. This combination of energy storage devices ensures optimal power-management, increased system efficiency and longer life.
The proposed topology also includes a sophisticated control strategy that intelligently manages the energy flow between the fuel cell, ultra-capacitors, and battery. The control system optimizes the use of each energy storage device based on their specific characteristics, operating conditions, and power demands, thereby maximizing overall system performance. Simulations results demonstrate the benefits of the novel topology compared to conventional fuel cell buses.
In conclusion, the novel topology integrating fuel-cells, ultra-capacitors, and batteries in an FCEV presents a promising solution for overcoming the limitations of traditional fuel cell systems. It provides an efficient and reliable power management strategy.