BUMPER-CEV Micrometeoroid and Orbital Debris Risk Assessment Code Rev. A

BUMPER-CEV Version 1.71 is used to perform micrometeoroid/orbital debris (MMOD) risk assessments for the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV) spacecraft. BUMPER is the primary risk analysis program used by NASA to provide for reliable and safe operations of spacecraft exposed to MMOD impacts. When provided with the physical shape and orbital parameters of a spacecraft, and a clear definition of failure, BUMPER calculates the risk of failure from MMOD impacts for all surfaces on a vehicle. Thousands of hypervelocity impact tests have been performed on representative samples of dozens of spacecraft shields and subsystems, thermal protection system (TPS) materials, and other spacecraft components to determine MMOD impact parameters at the failure limits of the various subsystems. The resulting verified ballistic limit equations and damage formulas are coded in BUMPER. Different versions of BUMPER have been created for ISS (International Space Station), Shuttle, and other spacecraft that differ in the ballistic limit subroutines embedded in the code, as well as the user prompts and other code to control execution and output of the code.